基于单片机的孵化器设计
摘要
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的孵化器。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度传感器检测孵化器内温湿度值，当检测值超出设置的上下限时，继电器自动控制相关器件进行加热、制冷、加湿或除湿操作；借助 5516 光敏电阻实时监测孵化器内光照值；通过 DS1302 时钟模块获取时间，支持设置补光时间，当到达补光时间且光照值低于设置最小值时，继电器控制照明灯进行补光；利用 SGP30 气体传感器检测当前环境中的 CO₂浓度，当浓度大于设定最大值时，继电器自动控制风扇转动通风；通过 D203S 人体热释电感应模块检测孵化是否完成，若完成则触发声光报警；通过 ULN2003A 芯片驱动步进电机实现翻动功能，用户可通过按键设定翻动间隔时间；支持通过按键设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据；同时，系统通过 WIFI 模块将数据远程发送至手机端，实现手机端对各器件的远程控制。
该孵化器的作用在于，实现了孵化过程中温湿度、光照、气体浓度等参数的自动化监测与调控，通过精准控制和远程管理功能，有效提高孵化环境的稳定性，降低人工干预成本，提升孵化成功率，为现代农业孵化提供可靠的技术支持。
关键词：单片机；孵化器；温湿度控制；远程监测；自动调控
Design of Incubator Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the development of modern agricultural technology, precision hatching has become the key to improving hatching success rate. The traditional hatching method relies on manual regulation and has problems such as unstable temperature and humidity, inaccurate light control, which can easily lead to low hatching rates. Therefore, developing an automated and intelligent incubator equipment has significant practical significance.
This design proposes an incubator based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the temperature and humidity values inside the incubator through the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor. When the detection value exceeds the set upper and lower limits, the relay automatically controls the relevant components to perform heating, cooling, humidification, or dehumidification operations; Real time monitoring of light levels inside the incubator using 5516 photoresistors; Obtaining time through DS1302 clock module, supporting setting of supplementary lighting time. When the supplementary lighting time is reached and the lighting value is lower than the set minimum value, the relay controls the lighting to perform supplementary lighting; Use SGP30 gas sensor to detect the concentration of CO ₂ in the current environment. When the concentration is greater than the set maximum value, the relay automatically controls the fan to rotate for ventilation; Detect whether the incubation is completed through the D203S human pyroelectric induction module, and trigger an audible and visual alarm if it is completed; By driving the stepper motor with ULN2003A chip to achieve flipping function, users can set the flipping interval time through buttons; Support setting various parameter thresholds through buttons; Real time display of various monitoring data through OLED display screen; At the same time, the system sends data remotely to the mobile phone through the WIFI module, enabling remote control of various devices by the mobile phone.
The function of this incubator is to achieve automated monitoring and control of parameters such as temperature, humidity, light, and gas concentration during the incubation process. Through precise control and remote management functions, it effectively improves the stability of the incubation environment, reduces the cost of manual intervention, and increases the success rate of incubation, providing reliable technical support for modern agricultural incubation.
Keywords：microcontroller; Incubator; Temperature and humidity control; Remote monitoring; Automatic regulation
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 时钟模块电路设计
3.6 CO₂浓度检测模块电路设计
3.7 孵化完成检测模块电路设计
3.8 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
3.9 按键模块电路设计
3.10 显示模块电路设计
3.11 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.12 声光报警模块电路设计
3.13 WIFI 模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 步进电机子流程设计
4.7 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.8 时钟模块子流程设计
4.9 WiFi模块子流程设计
5实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测及继电器控制功能测试
5.3 光照检测功能测试
5.4 时钟与补光控制功能测试
5.5 CO₂浓度检测及风扇控制功能测试
5.6 孵化完成检测及声光报警功能测试
5.7 步进电机翻动控制功能测试
5.8 阈值设置功能测试
5.9 数据显示功能测试
5.10 远程数据传输与控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
