// 包含头文件（定义宏和常量） #include <dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/arm-gic.h> #include <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h> #include <dt-bindings/clock/stm32mp1-clks.h> #include <dt-bindings/reset/stm32mp1-resets.h> / { // ===== 1. 根节点标准属性 ===== model = "Generic SoC Demo Board"; compatible = "vendor,demo-board", "vendor,generic-soc"; // 指定地址范围（#address-cells=2: 64位地址；#size-cells=2: 64位大小） #address-cells = <2>; #size-cells = <2>; // ===== 2. 内存节点（必需） ===== memory@80000000 { device_type = "memory"; reg = <0x0 0x80000000 0x0 0x80000000>; // 起始地址2GB, 大小2GB }; // ===== 3. 保留内存（CMA/DMA/安全内存） ===== reserved-memory { #address-cells = <2>; #size-cells = <2>; ranges; cma: cma@90000000 { compatible = "shared-dma-pool"; reusable; reg = <0x0 0x90000000 0x0 0x10000000>; // 256MB CMA linux,cma-default; }; }; // ===== 4. 中断控制器（GIC-V2示例） ===== interrupt-controller@c000000 { compatible = "arm,cortex-a15-gic"; reg = <0x0 0xc000000 0x0 0x1000>, // GICD <0x0 0xc010000 0x0 0x1000>; // GICC interrupt-controller; #interrupt-cells = <3>; // SPI/PPI编号, 触发类型, CPU掩码 interrupts = <GIC_PPI 9 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; }; // ===== 5. 系统时钟源（OSC） ===== clocks { osc24m: osc24m { compatible = "fixed-clock"; #clock-cells = <0>; clock-frequency = <24000000>; }; }; // ===== 6. 电源管理（REGULATOR） ===== vcc3v3: regulator-3p3v { compatible = "regulator-fixed"; regulator-name = "vcc3v3"; regulator-min-microvolt = <3300000>; regulator-max-microvolt = <3300000>; regulator-always-on; regulator-boot-on; vin-supply = <&vdd5v0>; // 引用其他regulator }; // ===== 7. 总线节点示例 ===== soc { compatible = "simple-bus"; #address-cells = <1>; // 32位地址 #size-cells = <1>; // 32位大小 ranges = <0x0 0x0 0x40000000 0x10000000>; // 映射到0x40000000 // ===== 8. GPIO控制器 ===== gpio0: gpio@50002000 { compatible = "vendor,gpio-controller"; reg = <0x50002000 0x400>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 14 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; gpio-controller; #gpio-cells = <2>; // gpio号, 标志位 interrupt-controller; #interrupt-cells = <2>; // IRQ号, 触发类型 gpio-ranges = <&gpio0 0 0 32>; // 映射到Linux GPIO号0-31 clocks = <&rcc GPIO0_CLK>; // 引用时钟 clock-names = "gpio"; pinctrl-names = "default"; pinctrl-0 = <&gpio0_default_pins>; // 驱动API: devm_clk_get(dev, "gpio") // 驱动API: devm_regulator_get(dev, "vcc3v3") // 设备树属性名对应 }; // ===== 9. I2C控制器 ===== i2c0: i2c@50001000 { compatible = "vendor,i2c-controller"; reg = <0x50001000 0x400>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 15 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; #address-cells = <1>; // I2C地址是7/10位 #size-cells = <0>; // I2C设备无长度 clocks = <&rcc I2C0_CLK>; clock-names = "i2c"; i2c-scl-rising-time-ns = <100>; i2c-scl-falling-time-ns = <20>; status = "okay"; // I2C子设备: 温度传感器 temp-sensor@48 { compatible = "ti,tmp112"; reg = <0x48>; // I2C地址 vcc-supply = <&vcc3v3>; interrupts-extended = <&gpio0 5 IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING>; // 驱动API: i2c_new_client_device() // 内核自动创建 // 驱动API: devm_regulator_get(dev, "vcc") // 驱动API: gpiod_get(dev, "alert", GPIOD_IN) // "alert"是GPIO label }; // EEPROM eeprom@50 { compatible = "atmel,24c16"; reg = <0x50>; pagesize = <16>; address-width = <8>; }; }; // ===== 10. SPI控制器 ===== spi0: spi@50003000 { compatible = "vendor,spi-controller"; reg = <0x50003000 0x400>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 16 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; #address-cells = <1>; // CS号 #size-cells = <0>; clocks = <&rcc SPI0_CLK>; clock-names = "spi"; status = "okay"; // SPI子设备: Flash flash@0 { compatible = "jedec,spi-nor"; reg = <0>; // CS0 spi-max-frequency = <50000000>; vcc-supply = <&vcc3v3>; partitions { compatible = "fixed-partitions"; #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <1>; bootloader@0 { label = "u-boot"; reg = <0x0 0x80000>; }; }; }; // SPI设备: ADC adc@1 { compatible = "ti,ads7846"; reg = <1>; spi-max-frequency = <2000000>; interrupt-parent = <&gpio0>; interrupts = <6 IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING>; vcc-supply = <&vcc3v3>; pinctrl-names = "default"; pinctrl-0 = <&spi0_cs1_pin>; }; }; // ===== 11. PWM控制器 ===== pwm0: pwm@50004000 { compatible = "vendor,pwm"; reg = <0x50004000 0x400>; #pwm-cells = <2>; // channel, period_ns clocks = <&rcc PWM0_CLK>; status = "okay"; }; // ===== 12. UART控制器 ===== uart0: serial@50005000 { compatible = "vendor,uart"; reg = <0x50005000 0x1000>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 17 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; clocks = <&rcc UART0_CLK>; clock-names = "uart"; status = "okay"; current-speed = <115200>; pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep"; pinctrl-0 = <&uart0_pins_active>; pinctrl-1 = <&uart0_pins_sleep>; }; // ===== 13. DMA控制器 ===== dma0: dma@50006000 { compatible = "vendor,dma"; reg = <0x50006000 0x1000>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 18 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; #dma-cells = <1>; // channel编号 dma-channels = <8>; }; // ===== 14. ADC控制器 ===== adc0: adc@50007000 { compatible = "vendor,adc"; reg = <0x50007000 0x400>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 19 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; clocks = <&rcc ADC0_CLK>, <&adc_vref_clk>; clock-names = "adc", "vref"; vref-supply = <&vref_buf>; // 关键：属性名与API对应关系 #io-channel-cells = <1>; status = "okay"; // 驱动API: devm_regulator_get(dev, "vref") // 驱动API: devm_clk_get(dev, "adc") }; // ===== 15. USB控制器 ===== usb0: usb@50008000 { compatible = "vendor,usb-otg"; reg = <0x50008000 0x1000>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 20 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; clocks = <&rcc USB0_CLK>, <&rcc USB0_PHY_CLK>; clock-names = "otg", "phy"; phys = <&usbphy0 0>; phy-names = "usb2-phy"; dr_mode = "otg"; // 可设为"host", "peripheral" status = "okay"; }; // ===== 16. Ethernet控制器 ===== eth0: ethernet@50009000 { compatible = "vendor,eth"; reg = <0x50009000 0x1000>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 21 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; clocks = <&rcc ETH0_CLK>, <&rcc ETH0_PTP_CLK>; clock-names = "stmmaceth", "ptp_ref"; phy-mode = "rgmii"; phy-handle = <&phy0>; snps,reset-gpio = <&gpio0 7 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; snps,reset-active-low; snps,reset-delays-us = <0 10000 10000>; status = "okay"; mdio0 { compatible = "snps,dwmac-mdio"; #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <0>; phy0: ethernet-phy@0 { reg = <0>; vcc-supply = <&vcc3v3>; }; }; }; // ===== 17. 触摸屏控制器 ===== touch: touch@5000a000 { compatible = "goodix,gt911"; reg = <0x5d>; // I2C地址（实际挂在i2c0上） vdd-supply = <&vcc3v3>; reset-gpio = <&gpio0 8 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; irq-gpio = <&gpio0 9 IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING>; touchscreen-size-x = <800>; touchscreen-size-y = <480>; // 驱动API: devm_regulator_get(dev, "vdd") // 驱动API: devm_gpiod_get(dev, "reset", GPIOD_OUT_LOW) }; // ===== 18. 显示控制器（DRM） ===== display0: display@5000b000 { compatible = "vendor,display"; reg = <0x5000b000 0x1000>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 22 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; clocks = <&rcc DISPLAY_CLK>, <&rcc DISPLAY_PIX_CLK>; clock-names = "display", "pixel"; // 关键：供电属性 vcc-supply = <&vcc3v3>; iovcc-supply = <&vcc1v8>; ports { #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <0>; port@0 { reg = <0>; lcd_panel: endpoint { remote-endpoint = <&panel_in>; }; }; }; }; // LCD面板 panel { compatible = "panel-lvds"; vcc-supply = <&lcd_pwr>; iovcc-supply = <&vcc1v8>; backlight = <&backlight>; port@0 { reg = <0>; panel_in: endpoint { remote-endpoint = <&lcd_panel>; }; }; }; // 背光控制（PWM+GPIO） backlight { compatible = "pwm-backlight"; pwms = <&pwm0 0 50000>; // channel 0, 50k ns period brightness-levels = <0 128 255>; default-brightness-level = <128>; enable-gpios = <&gpio0 10 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; }; }; // ===== 19. 复位控制器 ===== rstc: reset-controller@5000c000 { compatible = "vendor,reset"; reg = <0x5000c000 0x200>; #reset-cells = <1>; }; // ===== 20. 时钟控制器（CCF） ===== rcc: rcc@5000d000 { compatible = "vendor,rcc"; reg = <0x5000d000 0x1000>; #clock-cells = <1>; #reset-cells = <1>; // 内部时钟 osc24m: osc24m_ck { compatible = "fixed-factor-clock"; clocks = <&osc24m>; clock-div = <1>; clock-mult = <1>; }; // 门控时钟（对应各外设） GPIO0_CLK: gpio0_clk { compatible = "gate-clock"; reg = <0x100>; clocks = <&osc24m>; #clock-cells = <0>; }; I2C0_CLK: i2c0_clk { compatible = "gate-clock"; reg = <0x104>; clocks = <&osc24m>; }; SPI0_CLK: spi0_clk { /* ... */ }; PWM0_CLK: pwm0_clk { /* ... */ }; UART0_CLK: uart0_clk { /* ... */ }; ADC0_CLK: adc0_clk { /* ... */ }; USB0_CLK: usb0_clk { /* ... */ }; ETH0_CLK: eth0_clk { /* ... */ }; }; // ===== 21. 引脚控制器（PINCTRL） ===== pinctrl { compatible = "vendor,pinctrl"; reg = <0x5000e000 0x1000>; gpio0_default_pins: gpio0-default { pins { pinmux = <PIN_GPIO0_0>, <PIN_GPIO0_1>; bias-pull-up; drive-strength = <10>; // mA }; }; uart0_pins_active: uart0-active { pins { pinmux = <PIN_UART0_TX>, <PIN_UART0_RX>; bias-pull-up; }; }; uart0_pins_sleep: uart0-sleep { pins { pinmux = <PIN_UART0_TX>, <PIN_UART0_RX>; drive-strength = <0>; // 高阻 }; }; spi0_cs1_pin: spi0-cs1 { pins { pinmux = <PIN_SPI0_CS1>; bias-pull-up; }; }; }; // ===== 22. aliases（别名，方便访问） ===== aliases { serial0 = &uart0; i2c0 = &i2c0; spi0 = &spi0; ethernet0 = ð0; }; // ===== 23. chosen（内核参数） ===== chosen { stdout-path = "serial0:115200n8"; bootargs = "console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait"; }; // ===== 24. LEDs ===== leds { compatible = "gpio-leds"; pinctrl-names = "default"; pinctrl-0 = <&leds_pins>; led-red { label = "red"; gpios = <&gpio0 12 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; linux,default-trigger = "heartbeat"; }; led-blue { label = "blue"; gpios = <&gpio0 13 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; default-state = "off"; }; }; // ===== 25. GPIO按键 ===== keys { compatible = "gpio-keys"; pinctrl-names = "default"; pinctrl-0 = <&keys_pins>; key-power { label = "Power Button"; linux,code = <KEY_POWER>; gpios = <&gpio0 14 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; debounce-interval = <50>; // ms }; }; // ===== 26. 热管理 ===== thermal-zones { cpu_thermal: cpu-thermal { polling-delay = <1000>; thermal-sensors = <&temp_sensor 0>; trips { cpu_passive: cpu-passive { temperature = <75000>; // 75°C hysteresis = <2000>; type = "passive"; }; cpu_hot: cpu-hot { temperature = <90000>; hysteresis = <2000>; type = "hot"; }; }; }; }; }; 用api 解析一、核心映射规则 规则1：Regulator供电属性 设备树使用 <name>-supply 格式，驱动代码使用 devm_regulator_get(dev, "<name>") // 设备树 vcc-supply = <&vcc3v3>; // 驱动代码 struct regulator *vcc = devm_regulator_get(dev, "vcc"); // 去掉 "-supply" 规则2：Clock时钟属性 clock-names = "xxx" → devm_clk_get(dev, "xxx") // 设备树 clocks = <&rcc UART0_CLK>; clock-names = "uart"; // 驱动代码 struct clk *uart_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "uart"); // 用 clock-names 的值 规则3：GPIO属性 gpios → gpiod_get(dev, "<label>", flags) label 或节点名决定参数 // 设备树 reset-gpio = <&gpio0 8 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; 规则5：PHANDLE引用 <&node> → of_parse_phandle() // 驱动代码 struct gpio_desc *reset_gpio = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "reset", GPIOD_OUT_LOW); // "reset" 来自属性名 reset-gpio 去掉 "-gpio" 规则4：中断属性 interrupts = <...> → platform_get_irq() 或 irq_of_parse_and_map() // 设备树 interrupts = <GIC_SPI 15 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; // 驱动代码 int irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); // 获取第一个中断号 // 设备树 phy-handle = <&phy0>; // 驱动代码 struct device_node *phy_node = of_parse_phandle(np, "phy-handle", 0); 二、逐节点API解析 1. 根节点 (/) // 获取model属性 const char *model = of_property_read_string(np, "model", NULL); // 获取compatible const char *compatible = of_property_read_string_array(np, "compatible", ...); 2. 内存节点 (memory@80000000) // 内核自动解析，驱动无需操作 // 可通过sysfs查看: /sys/firmware/devicetree/base/memory@80000000/reg 3. 保留内存 (reserved-memory) // CMA区域自动注册到DMA子系统 // 驱动使用: dma_alloc_coherent(dev, size, &dma_addr, GFP_KERNEL); 5. 时钟 (clocks) // 固定时钟被CCF(通用时钟框架)自动注册 struct clk *osc = clk_get(NULL, "osc24m"); // 使用label作为名称 6. Regulator (vcc3v3) // 固定电压regulator struct regulator *reg = devm_regulator_get(dev, "vcc3v3"); // regulator-name 7. GPIO控制器 (gpio@50002000) // 重要：gpio-ranges属性 // 映射硬件GPIO号到Linux全局GPIO号 // 驱动使用gpiod API时无需关心硬件编号 // 时钟获取 struct clk *gpio_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "gpio"); // 对应clock-names // Regulator获取（如果有时钟就需要regulator） struct regulator *vcc = devm_regulator_get(dev, "vcc3v3"); 8. I2C控制器 (i2c@50001000) // I2C驱动核心代码 struct platform_device *pdev; struct resource *res; void __iomem *base; // 1. 获取内存资源 res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0); base = devm_ioremap_resource(dev, res); // 2. 获取中断 int irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); // 3. 获取时钟 struct clk *i2c_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "i2c"); // 4. 获取Pinctrl struct pinctrl *pinctrl = devm_pinctrl_get_select(dev, "default"); // 5. 获取regulator（可选） struct regulator *vcc = devm_regulator_get_optional(dev, "vcc"); 9. I2C子设备 (temp-sensor@48) // 驱动使用regmap或直接I2C API // 1. 自动获取regulator（关键！） struct regulator *vcc = devm_regulator_get(dev, "vcc"); // 来自vcc-supply // 2. 获取中断GPIO（使用label参数） struct gpio_desc *alert_gpio = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "alert", GPIOD_IN); int irq = gpiod_to_irq(alert_gpio); // 3. 获取中断号（如果使用了interrupts-extended） int irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); // 4. I2C地址自动从reg属性解析 // 驱动通过client->addr获取 10. SPI控制器 (spi@50003000) // 与I2C类似 struct clk *spi_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "spi"); struct resource *res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0); 11. SPI Flash设备 (flash@0) // 内核spi-nor驱动自动处理 // 通过mtd子系统访问 12. SPI ADC设备 (adc@1) struct regulator *vcc = devm_regulator_get(dev, "vcc"); // vcc-supply struct gpio_desc *irq_gpio = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "irq", GPIOD_IN); // 或 int irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); // 来自interrupts属性 13. PWM控制器 (pwm@50004000) struct clk *pwm_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "pwm"); // 如果有时钟 // PWM驱动注册PWM芯片 pwmchip_add(&pwm_chip); // 在consumer端： struct pwm_device *pwm = devm_pwm_get(dev, NULL); // 获取第一个PWM 14. UART控制器 (serial@50005000) // 驱动获取serial@50005000节点 struct clk *uart_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "uart"); struct resource *res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0); int irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); // Pinctrl获取 struct pinctrl *active = devm_pinctrl_get_select(dev, "default"); struct pinctrl *sleep = devm_pinctrl_get_select(dev, "sleep"); 15. DMA控制器 (dma@50006000) // 获取中断 int irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); // 注册DMA设备 dma_async_device_register(&dma_dev); // Consumer端： struct dma_chan *chan = dma_request_chan(dev, "tx"); // 使用dma-names 16. ADC控制器 (adc@50007000) // 关键：vref-supply属性 → "vref"参数 struct regulator *vref = devm_regulator_get(dev, "vref"); // 见下文详细解释 struct clk *adc_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "adc"); struct clk *vref_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "vref"); // 第二个时钟 // IIO框架注册 iio_device_register(indio_dev); // Consumer端： struct iio_channel *chan = iio_channel_get(dev, "channel0"); 17. USB控制器 (usb@50008000) // 多时钟获取 struct clk *otg_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "otg"); struct clk *phy_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "phy"); // PHY获取 struct phy *phy = devm_phy_get(dev, "usb2-phy"); // phy-names匹配 // dr_mode属性读取 const char *dr_mode = of_property_read_string(np, "dr_mode", "host"); 18. Ethernet控制器 (eth@50009000) // 时钟 struct clk *eth_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "stmmaceth"); struct clk *ptp_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "ptp_ref"); // PHY连接 struct device_node *phy_node = of_parse_phandle(np, "phy-handle", 0); phy = of_phy_connect(dev, phy_node, ...); // GPIO复位（关键！） struct gpio_desc *reset_gpio = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "reset", GPIOD_OUT_LOW); // 属性名snps,reset-gpio → 参数"reset"，用逗号前的标签 // 复位时序 snps,reset-delays-us = <0 10000 10000>; // 断言时间, 延迟时间, 恢复时间 of_property_read_u32_array(np, "snps,reset-delays-us", delays, 3); 19. 触摸屏 (touch@5000a000) struct regulator *vdd = devm_regulator_get(dev, "vdd"); // 来自vdd-supply struct gpio_desc *reset_gpio = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "reset", GPIOD_OUT_LOW); // 注意：irq-gpio属性 struct gpio_desc *irq_gpio = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "irq", GPIOD_IN); int irq = gpiod_to_irq(irq_gpio); 20. 显示控制器 (display@50007000) // 多regulator支持 struct regulator *vcc = devm_regulator_get(dev, "vcc"); struct regulator *iovcc = devm_regulator_get(dev, "iovcc"); // iovcc-supply // Endpoint连接 struct device_node *ep = of_graph_get_endpoint_by_regs(np, 0, 0); struct device_node *remote = of_graph_get_remote_port(ep); 21. 背光 (backlight) // PWM获取 struct pwm_device *pwm = devm_pwm_get(dev, NULL); // 第一个PWM // GPIO使能 struct gpio_desc *enable_gpio = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "enable", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH); // 亮度表 of_property_read_u32_array(np, "brightness-levels", levels, count); 22. 复位控制器 (reset-controller@5000c000) // Consumer端： struct reset_control *rst = devm_reset_control_get(dev, "usb"); reset_control_assert(rst); reset_control_deassert(rst); 24. Pinctrl (pinctrl) // 无需驱动直接访问，通过pinctrl-names引用 // 获取states struct pinctrl_state *active = pinctrl_lookup_state(pinctrl, "default"); struct pinctrl_state *sleep = pinctrl_lookup_state(pinctrl, "sleep");这是设备树（Device Tree）的节点标签（Label）语法，用于为节点创建别名以便引用。
语法分解
dts
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spi0_pins_default: spi0-pins-default { /* 节点内容 */ };
