基于STM32F103RCT6开发+HAL库+CubeIDE+简单任务调度，作为刚入门的小白，检测调试是否有问题，有需要的朋友可以作为参考。
实现模拟任务调度，OLED，ADC，RTC时钟，ds18b20，光敏传感器，BEEP，按键，CAN通信，UART通信，ws2812B灯，TTL转USB串口，大概就这些外设。
芯片配置图
ws2812b是通过最简单的NOP延时进行，即通过IO口操作。OLED初始播放公司logo，按下按键后显示RTC时钟和温度传感器数据，按键也控制蜂鸣器按下后响再次按下后反转电平，然后通过光敏电阻进行ADC转换控制其中一个灯的亮度。uart在电脑上的串口调试助手进行输入输出，can通信通过zprocan软件+致电原子usbcanfd设备进行通信。其中还有ook无线通信但是还没有实现。
下面提供主函数代码块
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */ /** ****************************************************************************** * @file : main.c * @brief : Main program body ****************************************************************************** * @attention * * Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics. * All rights reserved. * * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file * in the root directory of this software component. * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. * ****************************************************************************** */ /* USER CODE END Header */ /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "main.h" #include "adc.h" #include "can.h" #include "rtc.h" #include "usart.h" #include "gpio.h" /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ #include "stdio.h" #include "string.h" #include "ds18b20.h" #include "oled.h" #include "bmp.h" #include "ws2812b.h" /* USER CODE END Includes */ /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */ typedef struct{ uint8_t run;//调度标志 uint16_t timCount;//时间片计数值 uint16_t timRload;//时间片重载值 void (*pTaskFuncCb)(void);//函数指针变量 } TaskComps_t; /* USER CODE END PTD */ /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */ #define TASK_NUM_MAX (sizeof(g_taskComps) / sizeof(g_taskComps[0])) #define RTC_BKUP_MAGIC 0x0002 #define RTC_BKUP_YEAR RTC_BKP_DR2 #define RTC_BKUP_MONTH RTC_BKP_DR3 #define RTC_BKUP_DATE RTC_BKP_DR4 #define RTC_BKUP_WEEKDAY RTC_BKP_DR5 /* USER CODE END PD */ /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */ /* USER CODE END PM */ /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */ uint8_t g_page = 0; float g_adc_voltage = 0.0f; float g_temp_c = 0.0f; uint8_t g_light_brightness = 0; uint8_t beep_flag = 0; /* USER CODE END PV */ /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ void SystemClock_Config(void); /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ uint8_t KEY_Scan(void); void KeyTask(void); void UiTask(void); void TempTask(void); void PrintfTask(void); void CanTask(void); static void DrawHomePage(void); static void DrawRtcPage(void); void LightTask(void); /* USER CODE END PFP */ /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ static TaskComps_t g_taskComps[] = { {0, 10, 10, KeyTask}, {0, 200, 200, UiTask}, {0, 1000, 1000, TempTask}, {0, 1000, PrintfTask}, {0, 50, 50, LightTask} /*添加业务模块模块*/ }; static void TaskHandler(void){ for(uint8_t i = 0; i < TASK_NUM_MAX; i++){ if(g_taskComps[i].run){// g_taskComps[i].run = 0; if(g_taskComps[i].pTaskFuncCb == NULL){ continue; } g_taskComps[i].pTaskFuncCb(); } } } static void TaskScheduleCb(void) { for (uint8_t i = 0; i < TASK_NUM_MAX; i++) { if (g_taskComps[i].timCount) { g_taskComps[i].timCount--; if (g_taskComps[i].timCount == 0) { g_taskComps[i].run = 1; g_taskComps[i].timCount = g_taskComps[i].timRload; } } } } static void AppInit(void) { TaskScheduleCbReg(TaskScheduleCb); } static inline void set0(void){ GPIOC->BSRR = GPIO_BSRR_BS9;//pc9=1 __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); GPIOC->BSRR = GPIO_BSRR_BR9;//pc9=0 __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); } static inline void set1(void){ GPIOC->BSRR = GPIO_BSRR_BS9;//pc9=1 __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); GPIOC->BSRR = GPIO_BSRR_BR9;//pc9=0 __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); __NOP();__NOP();__NOP();__NOP(); } static inline void send_byte(uint8_t byte) { for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) { if (byte & 0x80) set1(); else set0(); byte <<= 1; } } static inline void send_grb(uint8_t g, uint8_t r, uint8_t b) { send_byte(g); send_byte(r); send_byte(b); } uint16_t drv_adc_get_value(void) { HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1); if(HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 50) == HAL_OK) { uint16_t value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1); HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1); return value; } HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1); return 0; } /* USER CODE END 0 */ /** * @brief The application entry point. * @retval int */ int main(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ /* USER CODE END 1 */ /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ HAL_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ /* USER CODE END Init */ /* Configure the system clock */ SystemClock_Config(); /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ /* USER CODE END SysInit */ /* Initialize all configured peripherals */ MX_GPIO_Init(); MX_CAN_Init(); MX_RTC_Init(); MX_USART3_UART_Init(); MX_USART1_UART_Init(); MX_ADC1_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ __HAL_RCC_BKP_CLK_ENABLE(); HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess(); CAN_FilterTypeDef filter; filter.FilterActivation = ENABLE; filter.FilterBank = 0; filter.FilterFIFOAssignment = CAN_FILTER_FIFO0; filter.FilterIdHigh = 0x0000; filter.FilterIdLow = 0x0000; filter.FilterMaskIdHigh = 0x0000; filter.FilterMaskIdLow = 0x0000; filter.FilterMode = CAN_FILTERMODE_IDMASK; filter.FilterScale = CAN_FILTERSCALE_32BIT; HAL_CAN_ConfigFilter(&hcan, &filter); OLED_Init(); OLED_ColorTurn(0); OLED_DisplayTurn(0); OLED_Refresh(); RTC_TimeTypeDef sTime = {0}; RTC_DateTypeDef sDate = {0}; HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess(); if (HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&hrtc, RTC_BKP_DR1) != RTC_BKUP_MAGIC) { sTime.Hours = 23; sTime.Minutes = 58; sTime.Seconds = 0; HAL_RTC_SetTime(&hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN); sDate.Year = 26; sDate.Month = 6; sDate.Date = 4; sDate.WeekDay = RTC_WEEKDAY_MONDAY; HAL_RTC_SetDate(&hrtc, &sDate, RTC_FORMAT_BIN); HAL_RTCEx_BKUPWrite(&hrtc, RTC_BKP_DR1, RTC_BKUP_MAGIC); HAL_RTCEx_BKUPWrite(&hrtc, RTC_BKUP_YEAR, sDate.Year); HAL_RTCEx_BKUPWrite(&hrtc, RTC_BKUP_MONTH, sDate.Month); HAL_RTCEx_BKUPWrite(&hrtc, RTC_BKUP_DATE, sDate.Date); HAL_RTCEx_BKUPWrite(&hrtc, RTC_BKUP_WEEKDAY, sDate.WeekDay); } else { sDate.Year = HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&hrtc, RTC_BKUP_YEAR); sDate.Month = HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&hrtc, RTC_BKUP_MONTH); sDate.Date = HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&hrtc, RTC_BKUP_DATE); sDate.WeekDay = HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&hrtc, RTC_BKUP_WEEKDAY); HAL_RTC_SetDate(&hrtc, &sDate, RTC_FORMAT_BIN); } AppInit(); DWT_Delay_Init(); /* USER CODE END 2 */ /* Infinite loop */ /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */ while (1) { // HAL_Delay(100); // GPIOC->BSRR = 0x0200;//0 // for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){__NOP();} // GPIOC->BRR = 0x0200; // for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){__NOP();} //for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){__NOP();} TaskHandler(); /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */ } /** * @brief System Clock Configuration * @retval None */ void SystemClock_Config(void) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0}; RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0}; RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0}; /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure. */ RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1; RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState = RCC_LSE_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks */ RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK; RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1; if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC|RCC_PERIPHCLK_ADC; PeriphClkInit.RTCClockSelection = RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE; PeriphClkInit.AdcClockSelection = RCC_ADCPCLK2_DIV6; if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } } /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */ void KeyTask(void){ uint8_t key = KEY_Scan(); if(key == 1) { beep_flag = !beep_flag; if(beep_flag){ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(BEEP_GPIO_Port, BEEP_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); } else { HAL_GPIO_WritePin(BEEP_GPIO_Port, BEEP_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); } } if(key == 2) { } if(key == 3){ g_page = 1; } } void UiTask(void) { static uint8_t last_page = 0xFF; static uint32_t rtc_enter_tick = 0; static uint32_t last_rtc_tick = 0; uint32_t now = HAL_GetTick(); // 页面切换时只处理一次 if (last_page != g_page) { last_page = g_page; if (g_page == 0) { DrawHomePage(); } else if (g_page == 1) { rtc_enter_tick = now; last_rtc_tick = 0; OLED_Clear(); // 只清一次，不要在这里刷新 } } switch (g_page) { case 0: break; case 1: // 5秒后自动返回主页 if (now - rtc_enter_tick >= 5000) { g_page = 0; last_page = 0xFF; // 让下次进入主页时重新画 return; // 这里不要手动画主页 } // 1秒更新一次时间 if (last_rtc_tick == 0 || now - last_rtc_tick >= 1000) { last_rtc_tick = now; DrawRtcPage(); } break; } } void TempTask(void) { static uint8_t temp_state = 0; if (temp_state == 0) { DS18B20_StartConvert(); temp_state = 1; } else { g_temp_c = DS18B20_ReadTemp(); temp_state = 0; } } void PrintfTask(void) { HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart3, "hello", 5, HAL_MAX_DELAY); } void CanTask(void){ HAL_CAN_Start(&hcan); CAN_TxHeaderTypeDef txHeader; uint32_t txMailbox; uint8_t txData[8] = {10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80}; txHeader.StdId = 0x123; txHeader.IDE = CAN_ID_STD; txHeader.RTR = CAN_RTR_DATA; txHeader.DLC = 8; HAL_CAN_AddTxMessage(&hcan, &txHeader, txData, &txMailbox);//发送数据 CAN_RxHeaderTypeDef rxHeader; uint8_t rxData[8]; if(HAL_CAN_GetRxFifoFillLevel(&hcan, CAN_RX_FIFO0) > 0)//读取数据 { HAL_CAN_GetRxMessage(&hcan, CAN_RX_FIFO0, &rxHeader, rxData); printf("RX: %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d\r\n", rxData[0], rxData[1], rxData[2], rxData[3], rxData[4], rxData[5], rxData[6], rxData[7]); } } uint8_t KEY_Scan(void) { static uint8_t last_key = 0; uint8_t key = 0; if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(WK_UP_GPIO_Port, WK_UP_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_SET) { key = 1; } else if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY_1_GPIO_Port, KEY_1_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) { key = 2; } else if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY_2_GPIO_Port, KEY_2_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) { key = 3; } if(key != 0 && last_key == 0) { last_key = key; return key; } if(key == 0) { last_key = 0; } return 0; } static void DrawHomePage(void) { OLED_Clear(); OLED_ShowChinese(46,0,3,16,1); OLED_ShowChinese(64,0,4,16,1); OLED_ShowString(42,16,"WOYUN",16,1); OLED_Refresh(); } static void DrawRtcPage(void) { char buf[32]; char buf2[64]; RTC_TimeTypeDef sTime = {0}; RTC_DateTypeDef sDate = {0}; HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN); HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc, &sDate, RTC_FORMAT_BIN); sprintf(buf,"%04d-%02d-%02d", 2000 + sDate.Year, sDate.Month, sDate.Date); OLED_ShowString(0, 0, buf, 16, 1); sprintf(buf, "%02d:%02d:%02d %.1fC", sTime.Hours, sTime.Minutes, sTime.Seconds, g_temp_c); OLED_ShowString(0, 16, buf, 16, 1); HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart3, (uint8_t *)buf2, strlen(buf2), 100); OLED_Refresh(); } void LightTask(void) { uint16_t adc; uint8_t brightness; HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1); if(HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 10) == HAL_OK) { adc = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1); } else { return; } HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1); if(adc > 2200) { adc = 2200; } brightness = adc * 255 / 2200; send_grb(128, 128, 0); send_grb(0, 128, 128); send_grb(128, 0, 128); send_grb( brightness, brightness, brightness ); } int __write(int file, char *ptr, int len) { HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart3, (uint8_t *)ptr, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY); return len; } /* USER CODE END 4 */ /** * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence. * @retval None */ void Error_Handler(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */ __disable_irq(); while (1) { } /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */ } #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT /** * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number * where the assert_param error has occurred. * @param file: pointer to the source file name * @param line: assert_param error line source number * @retval None */ void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number, ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */ /* USER CODE END 6 */ } #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */有帮助的伙伴可以一起交流，大佬还请指点出错误。
